听力与言语-语言病理学

行为科学

医学伦理学

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  • Novel histamine H3 receptor antagonists GSK189254 and GSK334429 are efficacious in surgically-induced and virally-induced rat models of neuropathic pain.

    abstract::Several studies have implicated a potential role for histamine H(3) receptors in pain processing, although the data are somewhat conflicting. In the present study we investigated the effects of the novel potent and highly selective H(3) receptor antagonists GSK189254 (6-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepi...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.11.006

    authors: Medhurst SJ,Collins SD,Billinton A,Bingham S,Dalziel RG,Brass A,Roberts JC,Medhurst AD,Chessell IP

    更新日期:2008-08-15 00:00:00

  • A family-based investigation of cold pain tolerance.

    abstract::In the present study the question was addressed whether sensitivity to experimental pain stimuli differs between families, which are previously characterized by the degree of cold tolerance (very insensitive or very sensitive) of one family member. A total of 232 healthy medical students were screened for cold pain to...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.11.012

    authors: Birklein F,Depmeier C,Rolke R,Hansen C,Rautenstrauss B,Prawitt D,Magerl W

    更新日期:2008-08-15 00:00:00

  • Increased pain sensitivity is not a risk factor but a consequence of frequent headache: a population-based follow-up study.

    abstract::Altered pain sensitivity is believed to play an important role for chronification of headache. It has however mainly been evaluated in highly selected patients from headache clinics and never in longitudinal studies. The present study is a 12-year follow-up of a population-based study of primary headache disorders and...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.023

    authors: Buchgreitz L,Lyngberg AC,Bendtsen L,Jensen R

    更新日期:2008-07-31 00:00:00

  • Attempting to solve the problem of pain: a questionnaire study in acute and chronic pain patients.

    abstract::When faced with the problem of pain one can attempt a solution aimed at relief (assimilation) or a solution aimed at acceptance (accommodation). Using this dual process model of adaptation to pain, this study compares acute and chronic pain patients on their approach to problem solving. Three hundred and sixty-four pa...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.020

    authors: Crombez G,Eccleston C,Van Hamme G,De Vlieger P

    更新日期:2008-07-31 00:00:00

  • Interaction between protein kinase D1 and transient receptor potential V1 in primary sensory neurons is involved in heat hypersensitivity.

    abstract::In previous studies we demonstrated that protein kinase D1 (PKD1/PKCmu) could directly phosphorylate the transient receptor potential V1 (TRPV1) at its N-terminal region and enhance the function of TRPV1 in CHO cells stably transfected with TRPV1. In the current study we assessed the involvement of PKD1 in pain modula...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.025

    authors: Zhu H,Yang Y,Zhang H,Han Y,Li Y,Zhang Y,Yin D,He Q,Zhao Z,Blumberg PM,Han J,Wang Y

    更新日期:2008-07-31 00:00:00

  • Altered cerebral response to noxious heat stimulation in patients with somatoform pain disorder.

    abstract::Idiopathic chronic pain conditions with a mismatch between anatomical abnormalities and symptoms can be categorized as somatoform pain disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria. A dysfunction of pain processing circuits has been suggested as one underlying pathophysiological factor. There is accumulating evidence for ...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.003

    authors: Gündel H,Valet M,Sorg C,Huber D,Zimmer C,Sprenger T,Tölle TR

    更新日期:2008-07-15 00:00:00

  • Dual influence of the striatum on neuropathic hypersensitivity.

    abstract::We studied whether striatal alpha(2)-adrenoceptors or N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors influence descending regulation of neuropathic hypersensitivity in the rat by microinjecting an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist or NMDA-receptor antagonist into the dorsal striatum in animals with a spinal nerve ligation-induced ...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.009

    authors: Pertovaara A,Wei H

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Duration of sleep contributes to next-day pain report in the general population.

    abstract::Cross-sectional research in clinical samples, as well as experimental studies in healthy adults, suggests that the experiences of pain and sleep are bi-directionally connected. However, whether sleep and pain experiences are prospectively linked to one another on a day-to-day basis in the general population has not pr...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.01.025

    authors: Edwards RR,Almeida DM,Klick B,Haythornthwaite JA,Smith MT

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Fibromyalgia relapse evaluation and efficacy for durability of meaningful relief (FREEDOM): a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with pregabalin.

    abstract::This was a multicenter, double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled, randomized discontinuation trial to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin monotherapy for durability of effect on fibromyalgia (FM) pain. The trial included a 6-week open-label (OL) pregabalin-treatment period followed by 26-week DB treatment with placebo or...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.02.027

    authors: Crofford LJ,Mease PJ,Simpson SL,Young JP Jr,Martin SA,Haig GM,Sharma U

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • Differential effects of morphine on the affective and the sensory component of carrageenan-induced nociception in the rat.

    abstract::Pain is generally considered to have a sensory and an affective component. Clinical research has suggested that morphine more potently attenuates the affective component as compared to the sensory component. Because preclinical nociception models typically focus on the sensory component of nociception, and do not asse...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.027

    authors: van der Kam EL,De Vry J,Schiene K,Tzschentke TM

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • Inflammation-induced changes in rostral ventromedial medulla mu and kappa opioid receptor mediated antinociception.

    abstract::Acute microinjection of mu-, delta-, or kappa-opioid receptor (MOPr, DOPr, KOPr) agonists into the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) produces antinociception. Thermal antinociception produced by MOPr and DOPr agonists is potentiated during inflammation [Hurley RW, Hammond DL. The analgesic effects of supraspinal mu a...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.010

    authors: Schepers RJ,Mahoney JL,Shippenberg TS

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • Abnormal processing of the nociceptive input in Parkinson's disease: a study with CO2 laser evoked potentials.

    abstract::Since a number of patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) complain of painful sensations, we studied whether the central processing of nociceptive inputs is abnormal in PD. To test this hypothesis, we recorded scalp CO(2) laser evoked potentials (LEPs) to hand skin stimulation in 18 pain-free PD patients with unilatera...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.022

    authors: Tinazzi M,Del Vesco C,Defazio G,Fincati E,Smania N,Moretto G,Fiaschi A,Le Pera D,Valeriani M

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Species and strain differences in rodent sciatic nerve anatomy: implications for studies of neuropathic pain.

    abstract::Hindlimb pain models developed in rats have been transposed to mice, but assumed sciatic nerve neuroanatomic similarities have not been examined. We compared sciatic nerve structural organization in mouse strains (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and B6129PF2/J) and rat strains (Wistar, Brown Norway, and Sprague-Dawley). Dissection ...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.01.016

    authors: Rigaud M,Gemes G,Barabas ME,Chernoff DI,Abram SE,Stucky CL,Hogan QH

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Empathy hurts: compassion for another increases both sensory and affective components of pain perception.

    abstract::Recent studies demonstrate that some brain structures activated by pain are also engaged when an individual observes someone else in pain, and that these empathy-related responses are modulated as a function of the affective link between the empath and the individual in pain. In this study we test the hypothesis that ...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.07.017

    authors: Loggia ML,Mogil JS,Bushnell MC

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Quantification of pain-induced changes in cerebral blood flow by perfusion MRI.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess if the functional activation caused by painful stimuli could be detected with arterial spin labeling (ASL), which is a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF). Because ASL directly measures blood flow, it is well suited to ...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.021

    authors: Owen DG,Bureau Y,Thomas AW,Prato FS,St Lawrence KS

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Peripheral involvement of PKA and PKC in subcutaneous bee venom-induced persistent nociception, mechanical hyperalgesia, and inflammation in rats.

    abstract::The roles of central protein kinases A and C (PKA and PKC) in various pain states have intensively been investigated during the past decade. The aim of the present study was to investigate the peripheral involvement of PKA and PKC in persistent nociceptive response, evoked pain behaviors, and inflammation induced by s...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.04.040

    authors: Chen HS,Lei J,He X,Qu F,Wang Y,Wen WW,You HJ,Arendt-Nielsen L

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of opioid blockade on the modulation of pain and mood by sweet taste and blood pressure in young adults.

    abstract::Increased blood pressure and sweet taste are often associated with decreased pain sensitivity. Animal research suggests that endogenous opioids are involved in both these relationships. Fifty-eight healthy young adults (36 male, 22 female) participated in two sessions receiving a placebo tablet or 50mg of naltrexone o...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.003

    authors: Lewkowski MD,Young SN,Ghosh S,Ditto B

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Recognition and discrimination of prototypical dynamic expressions of pain and emotions.

    abstract::Facial expressions of pain and emotions provide powerful social signals, which impart information about a person's state. Unfortunately, research on pain and emotion expression has been conducted largely in parallel with few bridges allowing for direct comparison of the expressive displays and their impact on observer...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.008

    authors: Simon D,Craig KD,Gosselin F,Belin P,Rainville P

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • Nitrous oxide inhibits glutamatergic transmission in spinal dorsal horn neurons.

    abstract::The effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) are thought to be mediated by several pharmacological pathways at different levels of the central nervous system. Here, we focus on excitatory glutamatergic transmission in the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord with respect to its importance for the nociceptive processing. T...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.026

    authors: Georgiev SK,Kohno T,Ikoma M,Yamakura T,Baba H

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • A scale to measure pain in non-verbally communicating older patients: the EPCA-2 Study of its psychometric properties.

    abstract::We have constructed and validated the Elderly Pain Caring Assessment 2 (EPCA-2) an 8 items behavioural scale to rate the intensity of pain in non-verbally communicating older (age 65 years) patients (NVC-OP). It was postulated that the assessed pain had two dimensions (signs outside and during caregiving). The first v...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.007

    authors: Morello R,Jean A,Alix M,Sellin-Peres D,Fermanian J

    更新日期:2007-12-15 00:00:00

  • Interferon-gamma induced disruption of GABAergic inhibition in the spinal dorsal horn in vivo.

    abstract::The proinflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which can be present in elevated levels in the central nervous system during pathological conditions, may be involved in the generation of persistent pain states by inducing neuronal hyperexcitability. The aim of the present study was to examine whether loss o...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.02.010

    authors: Vikman KS,Duggan AW,Siddall PJ

    更新日期:2007-12-15 00:00:00

  • The context of a noxious stimulus affects the pain it evokes.

    abstract::The influence of contextual factors on the pain evoked by a noxious stimulus is not well defined. In this study, a -20 degrees C rod was placed on one hand for 500 ms while we manipulated the evaluative context (or 'meaning') of, warning about, and visual attention to, the stimulus. For meaning, a red (hot, more tissu...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.002

    authors: Moseley GL,Arntz A

    更新日期:2007-12-15 00:00:00

  • Chronic secondary hypersensitivity of dorsal horn neurones following inflammation of the knee joint.

    abstract::Intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the rat knee joint produces a swelling of the joint and long lasting hypersensitivity. In this study we have used this model and in vivo electrophysiology to investigate the time course of spinal changes underlying chronic secondary hypersensitivity, b...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.006

    authors: Martindale JC,Wilson AW,Reeve AJ,Chessell IP,Headley PM

    更新日期:2007-12-15 00:00:00

  • Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain: evidence-based recommendations.

    abstract::Patients with neuropathic pain (NP) are challenging to manage and evidence-based clinical recommendations for pharmacologic management are needed. Systematic literature reviews, randomized clinical trials, and existing guidelines were evaluated at a consensus meeting. Medications were considered for recommendation if ...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.033

    authors: Dworkin RH,O'Connor AB,Backonja M,Farrar JT,Finnerup NB,Jensen TS,Kalso EA,Loeser JD,Miaskowski C,Nurmikko TJ,Portenoy RK,Rice ASC,Stacey BR,Treede RD,Turk DC,Wallace MS

    更新日期:2007-12-05 00:00:00

  • Cross-sex hormone administration changes pain in transsexual women and men.

    abstract::Chronic pain is gender-related, since there is a clear predominance of one sex with respect to the other in most pain syndromes. Gonadal hormones are known to affect the occurrence and incidence of pain. Transsexuals receive cross-sex hormones to develop and maintain somatic characteristics of the opposite sex: male t...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.02.006

    authors: Aloisi AM,Bachiocco V,Costantino A,Stefani R,Ceccarelli I,Bertaccini A,Meriggiola MC

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • A preliminary investigation of affective interaction in chronic pain couples.

    abstract::The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the extent to which affective marital interaction related to depressive symptoms in persons with chronic pain and their spouses and to pain severity in persons with pain. Couples from the community completed self-report surveys and engaged in a videotaped conversa...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.04.016

    authors: Johansen AB,Cano A

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Morphine treatment accelerates sarcoma-induced bone pain, bone loss, and spontaneous fracture in a murine model of bone cancer.

    abstract::Metastatic bone cancer causes severe pain that is primarily treated with opioids. A model of bone cancer pain in which the progression of cancer pain and bone destruction is tightly controlled was used to evaluate the effects of sustained morphine treatment. In cancer-treated mice, morphine enhanced, rather than dimin...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.026

    authors: King T,Vardanyan A,Majuta L,Melemedjian O,Nagle R,Cress AE,Vanderah TW,Lai J,Porreca F

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Pain in women with HIV/AIDS.

    abstract::Poor women and women of color are disproportionately affected by HIV and this is particularly evident in sub-Saharan Africa. Even with increased access to antiretroviral therapy that makes HIV/AIDS a chronic manageable condition, little progress has been made to address the issues of pain caused by HIV disease in wome...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.009

    authors: Gray G,Berger P

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • The characteristics of chronic central pain after traumatic brain injury.

    abstract::Central pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been studied in depth. Our purpose was to conduct a systematic study of patients with TBI suffering from chronic central pain, and to describe the characteristics of the central pain. Groups were TBI patients with (TBIP) and without central pain (TBINP) and h...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.06.015

    authors: Ofek H,Defrin R

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in enhancement of NMDA-receptor phosphorylation in animal models of pain.

    abstract::Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in neuropathic pain, predominantly through spinal mechanisms. Since the data suggest that ROS are involved in central sensitization, the present study examines the levels of activated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the dorsal h...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.011

    authors: Gao X,Kim HK,Mo Chung J,Chung K

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • Decision analysis of medical and surgical treatments for trigeminal neuralgia: how patient evaluations of benefits and risks affect the utility of treatment decisions.

    abstract::Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare form of neuropathic facial pain characterised by severe, paroxysmal pains in the face. Little is known about the decision process in treatment of TN, and management with anti-epileptic drugs or surgical procedures carries risks of side effects, recurrence and complications. One hund...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.02.009

    authors: Spatz AL,Zakrzewska JM,Kay EJ

    更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00

  • Anatomical and functional analysis of aquaporin 1, a water channel in primary afferent neurons.

    abstract::Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is the archetypal member of a family of water channel proteins that contribute to water homeostasis in kidney, lung, and other tissues. Although there is limited evidence that aquaporins are expressed in the nervous system, AQP4 is expressed in glia and AQP9 is present on some neuronal and glial mit...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.11.018

    authors: Shields SD,Mazario J,Skinner K,Basbaum AI

    更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00

  • Gender differences in pain and depressive tendency among Chinese elders with knee osteoarthritis.

    abstract::The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in pain experiences, pain control beliefs, pain coping strategies, and depressive tendency among Chinese elderly with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Participants (N=199) were drawn from a previous convenience sample of outpatients with OA in Taiwan. Results indica...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.03.014

    authors: Tsai YF

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00

  • Exploring joint effects of genes and the clinical efficacy of morphine for cancer pain: OPRM1 and COMT gene.

    abstract::Pain is a complex human trait. It is likely that the interaction of multiple genes, each with a small individual effect, along with the effect of environmental factors, influences the clinical efficacy of opioids rather than a single gene alone. Polymorphisms in genes coding for the mu-opioid receptor (A118G) and cate...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.023

    authors: Reyes-Gibby CC,Shete S,Rakvåg T,Bhat SV,Skorpen F,Bruera E,Kaasa S,Klepstad P

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00

  • Nociceptive nerve activity in an experimental model of knee joint osteoarthritis of the guinea pig: effect of intra-articular hyaluronan application.

    abstract::Nociceptive impulse activity was recorded extracellularly from single A delta and C primary afferents of the guinea pig's medial articular nerve after induction of an experimental osteoarthritis in the knee joint by partial medial menisectomy and transection of the anterior cruciate ligament (PMM+TACL). Also, the anal...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.11.012

    authors: Gomis A,Miralles A,Schmidt RF,Belmonte C

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00

  • Descending analgesia--when the spine echoes what the brain expects.

    abstract::Changes in pain produced by psychological factors (e.g., placebo analgesia) are thought to result from the activity of specific cortical regions. However, subcortical nuclei, including the periaqueductal gray and the rostroventral medulla, also show selective activation when subjects expect pain relief. These brainste...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.11.011

    authors: Goffaux P,Redmond WJ,Rainville P,Marchand S

    更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00

  • Predictors of onset of facial pain and temporomandibular disorders in early adolescence.

    abstract::There are few prospective studies assessing risk factors for onset of temporomandibular (TMD) pain disorders in any age group. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to identify risk factors for onset of clinically significant TMD pain (i.e., pain meeting research diagnostic criteria for myofascial pain and/or a...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.012

    authors: LeResche L,Mancl LA,Drangsholt MT,Huang G,Von Korff M

    更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of age on the onset of pain interference in a general population of older adults: prospective findings from the North Staffordshire Osteoarthritis Project (NorStOP).

    abstract::Pain that interferes with daily life appears to be strongly age-related in cross-sectional studies, although the nature of this relationship over time has not been established. We have investigated the onset and persistence of pain and pain interference over a 3-year period to determine their association with age in o...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.027

    authors: Thomas E,Mottram S,Peat G,Wilkie R,Croft P

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Differential effect of intravenous S-ketamine and fentanyl on atypical odontalgia and capsaicin-evoked pain.

    abstract::Atypical odontalgia (AO) is an intraoral pain condition of currently unknown mechanisms. In 10 AO patients and 10 matched healthy controls, we examined the effect of intravenous infusion of an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist S-ketamine and a mu-opioid agonist fentanyl on spontaneous AO pain and on an a...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.032

    authors: Baad-Hansen L,Juhl GI,Jensen TS,Brandsborg B,Svensson P

    更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00

  • Spinal microglia and neuropathic pain in young rats.

    abstract::Neuropathic pain behaviour is not observed in neonatal rats and tactile allodynia does not develop in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model until rats are 4 weeks of age at the time of surgery. Since activated spinal microglia are known to play a key role in neuropathic pain, we have investigated whether the microglial ...

    journal_title:Pain

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.018

    authors: Moss A,Beggs S,Vega-Avelaira D,Costigan M,Hathway GJ,Salter MW,Fitzgerald M

    更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00

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